Why is electric field always normal to the equipotential surface?

Explanation: There is no potential gradient along any direction parallel to the surface, and no electric field is parallel with the surface, This means electric field are always at right angle to the equipotential surface.

Why are the electric field lines normal to the equipotential lines at points of intersection?

Electric field lines are normal to equipotential surfaces because that is the only way no current /emf can be set upon the equipotential surface as the potential difference on equipotential surface is zero.

What is an equipotential surface show that the electric field is always normal to the equipotential surface at every point?

equipotential surfaces any surface with same electric potential at every point is called an equipotential surface. In this case the “altitude” is electric potential or voltage. Equipotential lines are always perpendicular to the electric field.

Why are the measured Equipotentials lines instead of surfaces for this laboratory?

The measured equipotentials are lines instead of surfaces for this laboratory because the paper used forms a plane which represents a slice through a three dimensional surface and that forms lines. An infinite number of equipotentials exist depending upon how precisely the potential is measured.

What are the characteristics of equipotential surface?

The characteristics of an equipotential surface are:

• Potential remains the same at all the points on equipotential surface.
• No work is required to move a charge on an equipotential surface.
• No two equipotential surfaces can ever intersect each other.

Why can two equipotential surfaces never intersect?

they cannot intersect each other because two different equipotential surface have different electric potential, so if they intersect then the point of intersection will have two different potentials at the same point which is not possible.

Why do the equipotential surfaces get closer to each other near the point charges?

The relationship between the electric field and potential due to charge is given as E = dV/R. Thus if dV is constant and R is inversely proportional to E. Therefore, all equipotential surfaces are closer at a higher value of E. For any charge E is higher near load thus equipotential surfaces are closer to the charge.

What property of real resonance tubes slightly alters the position of this Antinode?

For the real tube the point at which the upper antinode occurs is just outside the end of the tube and this exact location depends on the diameter of the tube, a property of real resonance tubes that slightly changes the position of this antinode.