What is the product for chlorination of benzene?

The reaction between benzene and chlorine in the presence of either aluminium chloride or iron gives chlorobenzene.

What is the effect of chlorine towards electrophilic substitution in benzene ring?

The -I effect of chlorine withdraws electrons from the Benzene ring and Hence tends to destabilize the intermediate carbocation formed during Electrophilic substitution. The lone pair of an electron in a chlorine atom stabilizes the intermediate carbocation due to resonance.

Is CH2Cl activating or deactivating?

Why is CH2Cl a weakly activating group? – askIITians.

What happens in electrophilic substitution reaction?

Electrophilic substitution reactions are chemical reactions in which an electrophile displaces a functional group in a compound, which is typically, but not always, a hydrogen atom.

Which catalyst is used in chlorination of benzene?

Benzene reacts with chlorine or bromine in an electrophilic substitution reaction, but only in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is either aluminum chloride (or aluminum bromide if you are reacting benzene with bromine) or iron.

What is the intermediate formed in chlorination of benzene?

A Mechanism for Halogenation of Benzene In the second, slow or rate-determining step a pair of pi electrons from the benzene form a sigma-bond with the electrophile generating a positively charged sigma complex (the benzenonium intermediate for halogenation).

Is CL EWG or EDG?

Although chlorine is an electron withdrawing group, yet it is ortho-para directing in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.

Why is chlorine meta directing?

Cl is meta directing. Hint: Chlorine has a lone pair so it can donate electrons to the benzene ring. Chlorine has high electronegativity so it can withdraw the electron density from the ring. So, they direct the attacking group at different positions of the benzene ring.

Are alkyl groups activating or deactivating?

Alkoxy, amide, ester groups less strongly activating. Alkyl Groups – (with no electron withdrawing groups). Moderately activating through inductive effect. Electron withdrawing groups with no pi bonds or lone pairs – Strongly deactivating.

Why does c6h6 not react with HCl?

With HCl, benzene would never react. Because HCl is an inorganic acid, it lacks an electrophile to replace benzene’s H atom. Because Cl is a Lewis base, it does not behave as an electrophile.

What is electrophilic substitution of benzene?

Electrophilic substitution of benzene is the one where an electrophile substitutes the hydrogen atom of benzene. Basic examples of electrophilic substitution reaction of benzene are nitration, sulfonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft’s alkylation and acylation, etc.

What is electrophilic substitution reaction explain the mechanism of nitration and chlorination reaction of benzene?

Benzene reacts with nitric acid and sulphuric acid to form nitrobenzene. It is an example of electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. One hydrogen atom of benzene ring is replaced with nitro group. Nitric acid reacts with sulphuric acid to form nitronium ions.

Why is benzene electrophile of chlorine?

As a chlorine molecule approaches the benzene ring, the delocalised electrons in the ring repel electrons in the chlorine-chlorine bond. It is the slightly positive end of the chlorine molecule which acts as the electrophile. The presence of the aluminium chloride helps this polarisation.

How many constitutional isomers can be formed from a mono-substituted benzene ring?

Since a mono-substituted benzene ring has two equivalent ortho-sites, two equivalent meta-sites and a unique para-site, three possible constitutional isomers may be formed in such a substitution. If reaction occurs equally well at all available sites, the expected statistical mixture of isomeric products would be 40\% ortho, 40\% meta and 20\% para.

What is the product formed when chlorine reacts with methylbenzene?

Substitution reaction of chlorine or bromine in the methyl group rather than the ring with boiling methylbenzene in the presence of UV light and in the absence of catalyst. The product formed is (chloromethyl)benzene, the name written in bracket shows that chlorine attached to methyl group and not with the ring.

What is the electrophilic substitution mechanism of benzene?

As a chlorine molecule approaches the benzene ring, the delocalised electrons in the ring repel electrons in the chlorine-chlorine bond. It is the slightly positive end of the chlorine molecule which acts as the electrophile. The presence of the aluminium chloride helps this polarisation. The electrophilic substitution mechanism.