Where do hydrogen ions go in cellular respiration?

The hydrogen ions travel back across the membrane through a protein called ATP synthase. The passage of the ions through it “powers” the ATP synthase, allowing it to turn an ADP (adenosine diphosphate) molecule into an ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecule by adding a third phosphate group to it.

What happens to all the hydrogens in cellular respiration?

The hydrogen ions are pumped into the intermembrane space using the energy produced from the movement of electrons down the ETC (electricity). The hydrogen ions will diffuse back into the matrix of the mitochondria through ATP synthase to produce ATP.

Where does glucose hydrogens end up at the end of cellular respiration?

During cellular respiration, a glucose molecule is gradually broken down into carbon dioxide and water. Along the way, some ATP is produced directly in the reactions that transform glucose. Much more ATP, however, is produced later in a process called oxidative phosphorylation.

Why are H+ ions important for the output of cellular respiration?

Hydrogen ions move down a concentration gradient through the ATP-synthase protein. This provides the energy to drive the reaction ADP + Pi => ATP thus creating 32 ATP molecules.

Where does H+ come from in photosynthesis?

The water molecules provide the H+ ions and electrons that are used in the light-dependent reactions. Energized electrons have two functions. They provide energy for H+ ion transport, and they are added to NADP+ to form NADPH. The flow of H+ ions through ATP synthase makes ATP.

What is the final acceptor for hydrogen ions in aerobic cellular respiration?

Oxygen
Oxygen is the final hydrogen ion and electron acceptor. The oxygen combines with the hydrogen ions and electrons to form water. In total, 38 ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose.

Where do the electrons end up in cellular respiration?

The electron carriers take the electrons to a group of proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, called the electron transport chain. As electrons move through the electron transport chain, they go from a higher to a lower energy level and are ultimately passed to oxygen (forming water).

Where does the H+ come from?

Correct! The electrons from from NADH and FADH2 flow through the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane generating a H+ buildup in the inner membrane space.

What role does hydrogen play in cellular respiration?

The electron transport chain is the last stage of the respiration pathway. NADH release the hydrogen ions and electrons into the transport chain. The electrons transfer their energy to the proteins in the membrane providing the energy for hydrogen ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Where in the chloroplast is the H+ concentration highest?

the thylakoid space
The location within the chloroplast that has the highest concentration of protons is the thylakoid space or thylakoid lumen. The thylakoid space needs a high concentration of protons, so during chemiosmosis, the protons flow into the stroma via ATP synthase which will produce ATP.

Where do we get the electrons and H+ ions in complete the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Pigments in photosystem I use energy from light to reenergize the electrons. At the end of a short second electron transport chain, NADP+ molecules in the stroma pick up the high-energy electrons and H+ ions at the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane to become NADPH.

What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration?

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in this respiratory cascade, and its reduction to water is used as a vehicle by which to clear the mitochondrial chain of low-energy, spent electrons.

How does the electron transport chain move hydrogen ions?

The Electron Transport Chain. The movement of hydrogen ions are coupled with this. This means that when electrons are moved, hydrogen ions move too. ATP is created when hydrogen ions are pumped into the inner space (lumen) of the thylakoid. Hydrogen ions have a positive charge. Like in magnets, the same charges repel,…

What happens in the third stage of cellular respiration?

The third stage of cellular respiration occurs when the energy-rich hydrogen atoms are separated into protons [H +] and energy-rich electrons in the electron transport chain.

What is cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen called?

Cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen ( aerobic respiration) is the process by which energy-rich organic substrates are broken down into carbon dioxide and water, with the release of a considerable amount of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

How does the hydrogen ion gradient work in the mitochondria?

Complex I can pump four hydrogen ions across the membrane from the matrix into the intermembrane space, and it is in this way that the hydrogen ion gradient is established and maintained between the two compartments separated by the inner mitochondrial membrane. Complex II directly receives FADH 2, which does not pass through complex I.