What is the difference between Christmas tree and wellhead?

Many times, the words Christmas Tree and Wellhead are used interchangeably; however, a wellhead and Christmas tree are entirely separate pieces of equipment. A wellhead must be present in order to utilize a Christmas tree and is used without a Christmas tree during drilling operations.

What are manifolds in subsea?

A manifold is an arrangement of piping and/or valves designed to combine, distribute, control, and often monitor fluid flow. Subsea manifolds are installed on the seabed within an array of wells to gather production fluids or to inject water or gas into wells.

What is a subsea Xmas tree?

Subsea tree (wet trees) is a system of valves, flow paths, piping, and connectors installed on a subsea wellhead to contain and control the flow of fluid from a reservoir or from the surface by injection. Two type of subsea Christmas tree are vertical Christmas trees and horizontal Christmas trees.

What is a Christmas tree on an oil rig?

In the oil & gas industry, a Christmas tree is a piece of heavy equipment that controls the flow produced by a well. It is a separate piece of hardware that connects to the wellhead after the drilling has ceased and the well begins pumping oil or gas.

Why is wellhead called Christmas tree?

In petroleum and natural gas extraction, a Christmas tree, or “tree”, is an assembly of a multi-valved structure consisting of valves, spools, and fittings used to control the flow of oil from the well. The shape of the wellhead structure with valves looks like a pine tree so the wellhead is called as “Christmas tree”.

What is the function of wellhead?

The primary purpose of a wellhead is to provide the suspension point and pressure seals for the casing strings that run from the bottom of the hole sections to the surface pressure control equipment. While drilling the oil well, surface pressure control is provided by a blowout preventer (BOP).

Why are manifolds used?

Manifolds are used in hydraulics as well as pneumatics, and can be used to mount valves or to consolidate plumbing. The manifold is a block, or series of adjoining blocks, which has an interface for the valve(s) to mount to, ports for the fluid to travel, and then ports to plumb the manifold to the rest of the circuit.

Is a sphere a manifold?

Two-dimensional manifolds are also called surfaces. Examples include the plane, the sphere, and the torus, and also the Klein bottle and real projective plane. Manifolds naturally arise as solution sets of systems of equations and as graphs of functions.

What is the difference between bop and Christmas tree?

Many times, the words Christmas Tree and Wellhead are used interchangeably; however, a wellhead and Christmas tree are entirely separate paces of equipment. A wellhead must be present in order to utilize a Christmas tree and is used without a Christmas tree during drilling operations.

What is a subsea control module?

Subsea control module (SCM) is the interface between the control system and the tree. It is the main component of the tree-mounted control system. The SCM contains electronics, instrumentation, and hydraulics for safe and efficient operation of subsea tree valves, chokes, and downhole valves.

Why is it called a subsea Christmas tree?

Since the 1950s, subsea trees have been topping underwater wellheads to control flow. A design taken from their above-ground cousins, subsea trees are sometimes called xmas trees because the devices can resemble a tree with decorations.

What is subsea tree?

Used on offshore oil and gas fields, a subsea tree monitors and controls the production of a subsea well. Fixed to the wellhead of a completed well, subsea trees can also manage fluids or gas injected into the well. Subsea trees are used in offshore field developments worldwide, from shallow to ultra-deepwaters.

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