Is axenfeld nerve loop normal?

Axenfeld nerve loops are loops of the long posterior ciliary nerves within the sclera, often located about 2.5-3mm posterior to the limbus. They are a normal anatomic landmark. The loops appear as gray or white nodules underlying the bulbar conjunctiva and are often surrounded by pigment.

What are axenfeld loops?

The term “Axenfeld Nerve Loop” is used to describe intrascleral nerve loops of the long, posterior, ciliary nerves. The nerve loop is an anastomosis of the long ciliary nerve that turns to enter the sclera before turning back again to continue to the ciliary body.

What is axenfeld anomaly?

Axenfeld’s anomaly is a bilateral disorder characterized by a prominent, anteriorly displaced. Schwalbe’s line (posterior embryotoxon) and peripheral iris strands which span the anterior chamber angle to attach to Schwalbe’s line.

What produces conjunctiva?

The conjunctiva of the eye provides protection and lubrication of the eye by the production of mucus and tears. It prevents microbial entrance into the eye and plays a role in immune surveillance. It lines the inside of the eyelids and provides a covering to the sclera.

What causes thinning of the sclera?

Scleral thinning can result after excessive use of cautery in the scleral bed or overuse of antimetabolites. Prolonged irradiation, transscleral diode laser cycloablation, strabismus surgery and deep sclerectomy procedures can also predispose the sclera to thinning.

Can Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome be cured?

Treatment of Rieger syndrome is symptomatic and supportive. Drug therapy is the primary treatment for glaucoma, usually consisting of eye drops. Laser surgery is usually reserved for those patients in whom the pressure in the eye is not relieved by medications.

Can people with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome see?

About 50\% of people with this syndrome develop glaucoma , a condition that increases pressure inside of the eye, and may cause vision loss or blindness. Click here to view a diagram of the eye. Even though Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is primarily an eye disorder , this syndrome can affect other parts of the body.

Does the conjunctiva regenerate?

The epithelial tissues of the ocular surface (cornea and conjunctiva) are regenerated from stem cells. The junction of the conjunctiva and the cornea, the limbus, is the major source of stem cells that replaces the epithelium of the cornea [12–14].

Which part of the eye is protected by the conjunctiva?

The conjunctiva is the clear tissue that covers the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids.

Can scleritis be cured completely?

If the problem is severe, a steroid medicine may help. You may also need medicine to treat the cause, such as an antibiotic for infection or medicine for immune system problems. With treatment, scleritis can sometimes go away in a few weeks. But it can last longer, even years.

Does sclera heal?

It’s bright red. It’s caused by a scratch to the sclera. It’s a mild injury that will go away on its own over 2 weeks.

What is axenfeld-Rieger?

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is primarily an eye disorder, although it can also affect other parts of the body. This condition is characterized by abnormalities of the front part of the eye, an area known as the anterior segment. For example, the colored part of the eye (the iris), may be thin or poorly developed.

What are Axenfeld nerve loops?

Axenfeld Nerve Loop 1 Posterior ciliary nerve loops that are visible in the sclera. 2 Usually marked by multiple focal pigmented areas at a constant distance from the corneoscleral junction. 3 Manipulation of the overlying conjunctiva may elicit considerable pain.

What is a nerve loop in the eye?

The nerve loop is an anastomosis of the long ciliary nerve that turns to enter the sclera before turning back again to continue to the ciliary body. The examiner may illicit pain if the loop or overlying conjunctiva are manipulated – as is common when probing for traumatic injury.

What are posterior ciliary nerve loops?

Posterior ciliary nerve loops that are visible in the sclera. Usually marked by multiple focal pigmented areas at a constant distance from the corneoscleral junction. Manipulation of the overlying conjunctiva may elicit considerable pain.

Can Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome affect other parts of the body?

Even though Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is primarily an eye disorder, people with this syndrome can also have symptoms that affect other parts of the body. These symptoms mostly involve the teeth and facial bones.