What are the three facial features that are commonly seen in people with FAS?

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention diagnostic criteria for FAS require three specific facial findings (i.e., smooth philtrum, thin vermilion border of the upper lip, and short palpebral fissures), growth deficits, and CNS abnormalities (Table 14 and Figure 3).

What is the difference between FASD and FAE?

Prenatal exposure to alcohol can cause a range of disorders known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). The most severe effects of this disorder are called Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). If only some of the clinical signs of prenatal exposure to alcohol are present, the term Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) is used.

Why does fetal alcohol syndrome affect facial features?

The pattern of facial defects that occur as a result of ethanol exposure during development primarily affects the midline of the face, altering morphology of the eyes, nose, and lips. Ethanol damage to cranial neural crest cells (CNCC) early in embryonic development is responsible for these minor midline abnormalities.

Can FASD be diagnosed without facial features?

No single facial feature is diagnostic of FAS, but the constellation of short palpebral fissure, smooth philtrum and thin vermilion upper lip are characteristic features.

Can you have FASD without facial features?

Facial anomalies are one of the three diagnostic criteria for FASD, together with prenatal alcohol exposure and neurodevelopmental impairment. A diagnosis of FASD may be made with or without facial features.

What are the symptoms of FAE?

Symptoms

• Distinctive facial features, including small eyes, an exceptionally thin upper lip, a short, upturned nose, and a smooth skin surface between the nose and upper lip.
• Deformities of joints, limbs and fingers.
• Slow physical growth before and after birth.
• Vision difficulties or hearing problems.

What is FAE FASD?

Abstract. Alcohol is a teratogen and it can cause lasting birth defects called Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)/Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE). FAS is one of the leading causes of mental retardation. FAS/FAE can result in a myriad of behavioral, learning and developmental problems.

What percentage of FASD have facial features?

Less than 10 per cent of individuals with FASD have the associated facial features — short palpebral fissures, smooth philtrum and thin upper lip.

How do you diagnose FASD?

Diagnosing FASD can be hard because there is no specific test for it. The health care provider will make a diagnosis by looking at the child’s signs and symptoms and asking whether the mother drank alcohol during pregnancy. FASDs last a lifetime. There is no cure for FASDs, but treatments can help.

When do FAS facial features develop?

A baby’s facial features are formed during weeks six to nine of pregnancy. Professor Neil McIntosh, an Edinburgh-based neonatologist, says scientific evidence shows that mothers who drink during this three-week window are more likely to have babies with the facial deformities associated with FAS.

What are some facial features?

FACE.

What are the 3 diagnostic facial features of FAS?

The 3 Diagnostic Facial Features of FAS 1 Short Palpebral Fissure Lengths. 2 Smooth Philtrum. 3 Thin Upper Lip.

What are the characteristics of a person with FASD?

A person with an FASD might have: 1 Abnormal facial features, such as a smooth ridge between the nose and upper lip… 2 Small head size. 3 Shorter-than-average height. 4 Low body weight. 5 Poor coordination. 6 (more items)

Do people with FASD have the three Sentinel facial features?

Most people with FASD do not have the three sentinel facial features. More detailed information on assessing sentinel facial features can be found in Section C and Appendix C and Appendix D of the Australian Guide to the diagnosis of FASD.

What are the facial features of Asperger syndrome?

No single facial feature is diagnostic of FAS, but the constellation of short palpebral fissure, smooth philtrum and thin vermilion upper lip are characteristic features. Neuro developmental and behavioral characteristics FAS results in abnormalities of cognition, language, and behavior.

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