What is a topological phase transition?

Topological phase transitions represent a new class of quantum critical phenomena. Although they cannot be described within the usual framework of Landau theory, one can still identify a diverging length and time at these transitions, which make them amenable to a scaling approach.

What is a topological state?

A topologically ordered state is a state with complicated non-local quantum entanglement. The non-locality means that the quantum entanglement in a topologically ordered state is distributed among many different particles. As a result, the pattern of quantum entanglements cannot be destroyed by local perturbations.

What is a topological superconductor?

Topological superconductors are a class of superconducting materials characterized by sub-gap zero energy localized modes, known as Majorana boundary states (MBSs). These materials are promising for the development of quantum computing technology.

What is topological material?

Topological insulators are a new state of quantum matter with a bulk gap and odd number of relativistic Dirac fermions on the surface. The bulk of such materials is insulating but the surface can conduct electric current with well-defined spin texture.

What comes under condensed matter physics?

Condensed matter physics is a study of complex phenomena arising from interactions of many particles. It includes studies of solids, liquids, gases, plasmas, bio-molecules, etc., where even fundamentally very simple constituent particles (electrons, grain of sand, etc.)

What is a topological material?

What is topological surface states?

Topological Surface States (TSS) represent new types of two dimensional electron systems with novel and unprecedented properties distinct from any quantum Hall-like or spin-Hall effects.

What is P wave superconductivity?

The p-wave superconductivity is a phase of matter where produces when the electrons are bounded with parallel spins by exchange of the electronic excitations with angular momentum ℓ = 1 and condense in a triplet state.

What is a topological diagram?

In cartography and geology, a topological map is a type of diagram that has been simplified so that only vital information remains and unnecessary detail has been removed. These maps lack scale, and distance and direction are subject to change and variation, but the relationship between points is maintained.