What is the rationale for employing adjuvant immunotherapy in early-stage non small cell lung cancer Nsclc )?

Patients receive adjuvant treatments to reduce the risk of cancer coming back after primary treatment, such as surgery. Adjuvant treatments may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy. Many patients with early-stage NSCLC, for example, receive adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery.

What is neoadjuvant immunotherapy?

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy is an evolving strategy in oncology that consists of administering an ICI, either anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD1), its ligand (PD-L1), anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) monoclonal antibodies, or in combination before surgical resection (Figure 1) (2).

What is combination therapy for lung cancer?

Combinations of 2 chemo drugs are often used to treat early-stage lung cancer. If a combination is used, it often includes cisplatin or carboplatin plus one other drug. Sometimes other combinations that do not include these drugs, such as gemcitabine with vinorelbine or paclitaxel, may be used.

What is adjuvant immunotherapy?

Adjuvant immunotherapy aims to eliminate residual microscopic melanoma cells via the immune system, to reduce the risk of future cancer recurrence, and to improve the overall chance of cure [1].

What is the main benefit of neoadjuvant therapy?

The advantages of neoadjuvant chemotherapy are 1) overall survival and recurrence-free survival rate are the same as post-operative chemotherapy, 2) serves as an in vivo sensitivity test, 3) increases the rate of breast conserving therapy, 4) facilitates the study of cancer biology.

When do you use neoadjuvant therapy?

Neoadjuvant therapy is the pre-operative treatment of tumours with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and endocrine therapy. It was originally used for its impact on surgery, downstaging tumours, and allowing breast-conserving surgery rather than mastectomy.

What is combination immunotherapy?

Combination immunotherapy approaches involving radiation, chemotherapy, androgen manipulation and T-cell modulation have been studied extensively in animal models, setting the stage for clinical trials.

What is immunotherapy and how does it work?

Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that boosts the body’s natural defenses to fight cancer. It uses substances made by the body or in a laboratory to improve how your immune system works to find and destroy cancer cells.

What is the difference between neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy?

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is delivered before surgery with the goal of shrinking a tumor or stopping the spread of cancer to make surgery less invasive and more effective. Adjuvant chemotherapy is administered after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells with the goal of reducing the chances of recurrence.

What is adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy?

Neoadjuvant therapies are delivered before the main treatment, to help reduce the size of a tumor or kill cancer cells that have spread. Adjuvant therapies are delivered after the primary treatment, to destroy remaining cancer cells.

How successful is neoadjuvant therapy?

In patients with locally advanced breast cancer without inflammatory disease who were breast-conserving therapy candidates after neoadjuvant therapy, the overall 5-year survival is an astounding 96\%. In fact, even in the patients with inflammatory breast cancer there is an impressive 67\% survival.

What is the benefit of neoadjuvant therapy?