How can we determine the direction of flow in a pipe?

Interview Answers. Measure the longitudinal strain at two points along the path of the pipe. The flow direction will be from highest to lowest strain.

What is the direction of the pressure force?

Pressure acts perpendicular (or normal) to the solid surface of an object. So the direction of the force on the small section of the object is along the normal to the surface.

What happens to a fluid flowing across a control surface of a control volume?

When fluid flows across a control surface, properties such as mass, momentum, and energy are transported with the fluid either into or out of the control volume. Control surfaces represented by area vectors and velocities by velocity vectors.

What type of flow can be taken for granted in a pipe of a uniform cross section?

For a pipe of a uniform cross-section, no matter what the rate of flow is, the velocity of flow inside the pipe will always remain constant. Hence, it’ll always be a uniform flow.

What controls the direction of fluid flow?

Flow Control Valves A flow control valve is a device used for adjusting or manipulating the flow rate of a liquid or a gas in a pipeline.

Which way does fluid flow?

Note that fluid flows from region of higher energy to lower energy.

Why does pressure have no direction?

Pressure is defined as the ratio of the force acting normal to a surface to the area of the surface on which the force is acting. We need to know only the magnitude of the component of the force normal to the surface. Therefore, pressure does not have any specific direction. Hence, it is a scalar quantity.

Why do we use pressure instead of force?

We use pressure in the case of liquids and gases because the force they exert on objects is distributed over the area of the object. There is no single “force” being applied.

Does the pressure of the fluid change as the pipe becomes narrower and why or why not?

Because if the diameter of a pipe decreased, then the pressure in the pipeline will increase. As per Bernoulli’s theorem, pressure can be reduced when the area of conveyance is reduced. In the narrower pipe, the velocity can be high, and pressure can be higher.

Why minor losses occur in pipe flow?

Minor losses are local energy losses caused by the disruption of the flow due to the installation of appurtenances, such as valves, bends, and other fittings [5]. For pipelines of large lengths the energy losses are mostly caused by friction effect and the energy losses caused by fittings are minimal.

Can flow inside a nozzle be steady and uniform 1 marks ans it can be steady but never uniform it can be steady Yes Never?

Can the flow inside a nozzle be steady and uniform? Explanation: According to the continuity equation, ρAV =constant, where ρ= density, A= cross-sectional area of flow, V = velocity of flow. Hence, it’ll always be an unsteady flow.

What happens to pressure as you move down a streamline?

As you move down the stream, the pressure is still equal to the ambient pressure. The mass flow rate and momentum flow rate equal zero across a streamline. Therefore it is often advantageous to pick a control surface so as to run along a streamline.

What are the forces acting on the control volume?

These forces include whatever is left. In other words, any force acting on the control volume that is not accounted for. Some examples of these types of forces include struts, bolts, cables, ropes in tension, forces holding a control volume in place, etc.

How to convert linear momentum law to control volume law?

Conservation of Linear Momentum Recall the conservation of linear momentum law for a system: In order to convert this for use in a control volume, use RTT with B = mV, beta = V we get: NOTE: Recall that at any instant of time t, the system & CV occupy the SAME physical space.

Does a uniform flow have a pressure gradient?

By uniform flow, if you mean a flow that is not accelerating, we can see that it needs no pressure gradient. Analogous to a solid body moving with a constant speed when not being acted upon by imbalanced external forces, a fluid parcel (and its entirety) moves at a constant speed.