What do plus and minus mean in reference to fungi?

What do “plus” and “minus” mean when used in reference to fungi? Plus and minus are the mating types. (Hyphae of one mating type fuses with the opposite mating type.)

What are strains in fungi?

In mycology, strain means a pure Isolate of fungus. A strain is an as homokaryotic mycelium than possible, obtained by direct single conidia/spore isolation or from subculture of a mycelium isolate.

What are the 4 classification of fungi?

The five true phyla of fungi are the Chytridiomycota (Chytrids), the Zygomycota (conjugated fungi), the Ascomycota (sac fungi), the Basidiomycota (club fungi) and the recently described Phylum Glomeromycota.

What is the relationship between a Basidiocarp and a mycelium?

Thus, each cell in this mycelium has two haploid nuclei, which will not fuse until formation of the basidium. Eventually, the secondary mycelium generates a basidiocarp, a fruiting body that protrudes from the ground—this is what we think of as a mushroom.

What is the difference between Zygomycota and ascomycota?

Zygomycota (conjugated fungi) produce non-septated hyphae with many nuclei. Ascomycota (sac fungi) form spores in sacs called asci during sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction is their most common form of reproduction.

How do the lifecycles of most fungi differ from those of plants?

Fungi spend most of their life cycle in the haploid state. They form diploid cells only during sexual reproduction. Like the cells of protists and plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls. But fungi are unique in having cell walls made of chitin instead of cellulose.

What is strain and variant?

A variant is referred to as a strain when it shows distinct physical properties. Put simply, a strain is a variant that is built differently, and so behaves differently, to its parent virus. These behavioural differences can be subtle or obvious.

What are types of strains?

Just like stress, there are two types of strain that a structure can experience: 1. Normal Strain and 2. Shear Strain. When a force acts perpendicular (or “normal”) to the surface of an object, it exerts a normal stress.

What are the 7 phyla of fungi?

The true fungi, which make up the monophyletic clade called kingdom Fungi, comprise seven phyla: Chytridiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Microsporidia, Glomeromycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota (the latter two being combined in the subkingdom Dikarya).

What are the 5 phyla of fungi?

1 Introduction. The kingdom Fungi contains five major phyla: Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Glomeromycota.

What is Aseptate and Coenocytic?

Aseptate mycelium comprises of hyphae which are not divided by septa. This type of mycelium has no partitions between the nuclei. It is seen in Rhizopus and Mucor. Coenocytic mycelium comprises of hyphae which has many nuclei in the continuous cytoplasm.

What is the relationship between an ascocarp and a Apothecium?

What is the relationship between an ascocarp and an apothecium? An apothecium is a cup-like fungus that has ascu lining the upper surface; it is a cup-like ascocarp. How does the fungal component of a lichen obtain its food?

Why are fungi called conjugated fungi?

When the zygospore germinates, it undergoes meiosis and produces haploid spores, which will, in turn, grow into a new organism. This form of sexual reproduction in fungi is called conjugation (although it differs markedly from conjugation in bacteria and protists), giving rise to the name “conjugated fungi.”

What is the difference between a and a strains?

Since both A and a strains have the same sexual structures, neither strain can be regarded as exclusively male or female. However, as a recipient, the protoperithecium of both the A and a strains can be thought of as the female structure, and the fertilizing conidium can be thought of as the male participant.

What are the characteristics of fungi in the phylum Basidiomycota?

The fungi in the Phylum Basidiomycota are easily recognizable under a light microscope by their club-shaped fruiting bodies called basidia (singular, basidium), which are the swollen terminal cell of a hypha.

Where are the mating type genes located in fungi?

A picture of the mating type mechanism has begun to emerge from studies of particular fungi such as S. cerevisiae. The mating type genes are located in homeobox and encode enzymes for production of pheromones and pheromone receptors.