What are the 15 common logical fallacies?

15 Common Logical Fallacies. 1 1) The Straw Man Fallacy. This fallacy occurs when your opponent over-simplifies or misrepresents your argument (i.e., setting up a “straw man”) to 2 2) The Bandwagon Fallacy. 3 3) The Appeal to Authority Fallacy. 4 4) The False Dilemma Fallacy. 5 5) The Hasty Generalization Fallacy.

How does this common fallacy misleads?

This common fallacy misleads by presenting complex issues in terms of two inherently opposed sides. Instead of acknowledging that most (if not all) issues can be thought of on a spectrum of possibilities and stances, the false dilemma fallacy asserts that there are only two mutually exclusive outcomes.

What is the expansive conclusion fallacy?

This fallacy occurs when someone draws expansive conclusions based on inadequate or insufficient evidence. In other words, they jump to conclusions about the validity of a proposition with some — but not enough — evidence to back it up, and overlook potential counterarguments.

What is a straw man fallacy?

This fallacy occurs when your opponent over-simplifies or misrepresents your argument (i.e., setting up a “straw man”) to make it easier to attack or refute.

What is the fallacy of false dichotomy?

A false dichotomyis a fallacy where something is falsely claimed to be an “either/or” situation, when there are in fact several other options, even if only one more. As is the case with the argument from ignorance fallacy, someone putting forth a false dichotomy is not taking into consideration all of the possible options available to them.

Is it a fallacy to claim that an argument is wrong?

It is only a fallacy to claim that an argument is wrong because of a negative attribute of someone making the argument. (i.e. “John is a jerk.” is not a fallacy. “John is wrong because he is a jerk.” is a logical fallacy.)

Is “poisoning the well” a logical fallacy?

“John is wrong because he is a jerk.” is a logical fallacy.) The term “poisoning the well” also refers to a form of ad hominem fallacy. This is an attempt to discredit the argument of another by implying that they possess an unsavory trait, or that they are affiliated with other beliefs or people that are wrong or unpopular.

What is the foundation of a logical argument?

The foundation of a logical argument is its proposition, or statement. The proposition is either accurate (true) or not accurate (false). The argument is then built on premises. The premises are the propositions used to build the argument. Then an inference is made from the premises. Finally, a conclusion is drawn.

Is popularity enough to validate an argument?

Just because a significant population of people believe a proposition is true, doesn’t automatically make it true. Popularity alone is not enough to validate an argument, though it’s often used as a standalone justification of validity.

What are logical fallacies and rhetorical errors?

Logical fallacies are like landmines; easy to overlook until you find them the hard way. One of the most important components of learning in college is academic discourse, which requires argumentation and debate. Argumentation and debate inevitably lend themselves to flawed reasoning and rhetorical errors.