What are the 3 types of snake venom?

Type of Snake Venom There are three types of venom according to its effect viz. Haemotoxic, Cytotoxic & Neurotoxic.

Which snake venom is neurotoxic?

Elapid snakes—including coral snakes, cobras, mambas, sea snakes, and kraits—have primarily neurotoxic venom. In contrast, vipers—including rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths—have primarily hemotoxic venom. However, these characterizations of venoms by type of snake are not consistent.

What are the 4 types of snake venom?

The pharmacological effects of snake venoms are classified into three main types, hemotoxic, neurotoxic, and cytotoxic (WHO, 2010).

What are the 4 types of venomous toxins snakes produce?

Polypeptide toxins (molecular weight 5-10 KDa) include cytotoxins, cardiotoxins, and postsynaptic neurotoxins (such as α-bungarotoxin and α-Cobratoxin), which bind to acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions.

What does proteolytic venom do?

Proteases : Catalyse reactions that disrupt protein peptide bonds in tissues, causing blood-vessel wall damage and haemorrhaging and muscle-fibre deterioration. Vipers, pit vipers contain this venom.

How does neurotoxin work?

Neurotoxins inhibit neuron control over ion concentrations across the cell membrane, or communication between neurons across a synapse. Local pathology of neurotoxin exposure often includes neuron excitotoxicity or apoptosis but can also include glial cell damage.

What is Hemotoxic venom?

Hemotoxic venom damages the circulatory system and muscle tissue and causes swelling, hemorrhage, and necrosis. Viper venoms contain various components that can promote or inhibit hemostatic mechanisms, including coagulation, fibrinolysis, platelet function, and vascular integrity.

Which snake has proteolytic venom?

Proteases : Catalyse reactions that disrupt protein peptide bonds in tissues, causing blood-vessel wall damage and haemorrhaging and muscle-fibre deterioration. Vipers, pit vipers contain this venom. Thrombin like enzymes : Inhibit blood clotting. Vipers, pit vipers, a few elapids (but rare) contain this venom.

What happens if you get snake venom on your skin?

You’ll usually experience some pain, tingling, or burning in the area where you’ve been bitten. There may also be some swelling, bruising, or discoloration at the site. Other common symptoms include: numbness in the face or limbs.

How fast do neurotoxins work?

Certain neurotoxins are highly potent and have been developed into chemical weapons. The nerve agent sarin, for example, is an organophosphorous compound that is classified as a weapon of mass destruction; sarin gas can kill a person within 10 minutes of exposure.

Can neurotoxicity be reversed?

Additionally, seizures, extrapyramidal symptoms, action myoclonus, and quadriparesis have been reported. In patients with neurological signs, cyclosporine levels are usually outside the normal range, and after lowering the dose or withholding administration, neurotoxicity clears in most cases.

Which is worse neurotoxin or Hemotoxin?

Neurotoxins affect the nervous system, cytotoxins affect cells and hemotoxins effect blood and organs. The way each of these toxins interact with the body is biochemically unique. Neurotoxins are by far the deadliest of the toxins.

Do all venomous snakes have different types of venom?

Please note that many venomous snakes have a combination of venoms not just a single type. Example of this is the Papuan Taipan which has neurotoxic, myotoxins and hemotoxins in its venom, so you will experience the combined effects of all these different types of venom in a single bite.

Which snakes have hemotoxic and cytotoxic venom?

Many snakes that have cytotoxic venom also have hemotoxic effects, examples being the North American Pit Vipers, Saw Scaled Vipers, African Bush Vipers, White Lipped Vipers.

How do neurotoxins in snake venom work?

Neurotoxins in snake venom can be presynaptic or postsynaptic, both types can be found in a single species venom or only one can be present, these two different toxins work on two different nerve functions effecting the way nerve synapses function. Neurotoxins bind to the nerve receptors causing them to stop functioning.

What enzymes are used in venomous snakes?

Proteolytic enzymes : Catalyse the breakdown of structural components of tissues. All venomous species contain this venom. Hyluronidases: Catalyse reactions that break mucopolysaccharide links in connective tissues, thereby enhancing diffusion of venom. Several types of snake contain this venom.