What kind of directing group is on toluene?

For example, the nitration of methyl benzene (toluene) will produce ortho and para nitrotoluene as the main product because the methyl group is an ortho‐para director.

Why does toluene undergo electrophilic substitution?

The methyl group of toluene makes it around 25 times more reactive than benzene in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Toluene undergoes nitration to give ortho and para nitrotoluene isomers, but if heated it can give dinitrotoluene and ultimately the explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT).

Is toluene activating or deactivating?

Toluene is 40-50 times as reactive as benzene. Pg. This spans the gamut of extreme activating substituents (N,N-dimethylaniline is 1018 times more reactive than benzene!) and deactivating substituents (nitrobenzene is 10-6 times less reactive than benzene).

Which is op directing group for electrophilic substitution reaction?

Chlorobenzene is o, p – directing in electrophilic substitution reaction.

Why Toluene is ortho and para directing?

Toluene contains one methyl group which directly attached with the benzene ring. Alkyl group through hyperconjugation increase the electron density at ortho and para position of benzene ring. Hence directs the incoming group to orto and para position.

Why is the methyl group in toluene an ortho-para director?

The NH2 group in aniline is ortho and para guiding group because due to resonance, they will release electrons to the ring and at the same time remove the electrons towards themselves due to +1 impact from the aromatic ring. The substituent is called a meta directing group if the opposite is observed.

Why toluene is ortho and para directing?

Why toluene undergoes halogenation at ortho and para position?

Since the sigma complexes for ortho (and para) attack have resonance forms with tertiary carbons, they are more stable than the corresponding resonance forms for benzene’s reaction with nitronium ion. Thus toluene reacts faster than benzene at the ortho and para positions.

What is para meta and ortho position?

The terms ortho, meta, and para are prefixes used in organic chemistry to indicate the position of non-hydrogen substituents on a hydrocarbon ring (benzene derivative). The prefixes derive from Greek words meaning correct/straight, following/after, and similar, respectively.

Why is para favored over ortho?

The O-CH3 Group is an ortho, para Director Ortho and Para producst produces a resonance structure which stabilizes the arenium ion. This causes the ortho and para products for form faster than meta. Generally, the para product is preferred because of steric effects.

What is the directive influence of electron donating alkyl group toluene?

Also alkyl group is electron donating due to hypertconjugation. Toluene is ortho para director and it activates the benzene ring by increasing the electron density . It increases the electron density at ortho and para due to +R effect . Also alkyl group is electron donating due to hypertconjugation.

What is the directive influence of functional group in mono substituted benzene?

Some examples of directive influence of functional group in mono substituted benzene are explained below: Ortho-para directing group: As discussed earlier, these groups direct the electrophilic attack on “ortho” and “para” positions.

What are meta directing groups in electrophilic benzene?

Meta directing groups: These groups direct the electrophilic attack on “meta” positions of the associated benzene ring. Generally deactivating groups are meta directors, for example –NO 2, –CN, –CHO, –COR, –COOH, –COOR, –SO 3 H, etc.

Why do phenols have high affinity for electrophilic attack?

From the figure, it is quite evident that the electron density at ortho and para position increases due to the resonance of benzene ring. Therefore, phenols have high affinity for electrophilic attack at “ortho” and “para” positions. As a result, we can say that “–OH” group is an ortho-para director.

What is the rate of electrophilic aromatic nitration of T-butylbenzene?

Here is some dataon the relative rates for the electrophilic nitration of several aromatic compounds: benzene=1, toluene=24, t-butylbenzene=15.7 (reference, p. 1060) We see that t-butylbenzene undergoes electrophilic aromatic nitration slightly faster than benzene and slightly slower than toluene – and the effect is very small.