How did Germany get Shandong?

In 1898, when the Western imperialist powers were rushing to extract concessions from the weakened Qing dynasty, Germany obtained the use of Jiaozhou Bay, on the southern coast of the Shandong Peninsula, and the right to construct a naval base at Qingdao there.

How did Germany get Qingdao?

While Hong Kong was occupied by Britain, Macao by Portugal and Shanghai by a horde of European countries plus the US, to cite just a few examples, Qingdao was ruled by Germany, which in 1898 forced China under the Qing Dynasty to grant a 99-year lease of the Kiautschou Bay (Jiaozhou Bay, as the Chinese call it) in the …

When did Germany get Qingdao?

In 1897, Jiaozhou Bay (Kiautschou Bucht in German), with Qingdao (Tsingtao) as its capital, was colonized by the Germans. In 1898, a formal lease agreement was reached between the Germans and the imperial Chinese government.

How was the Shandong problem resolved?

It was resolved in China’s favor in 1922. During the First World War (1914–1918), China supported the Allies on condition that the Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory on the Shandong peninsula, which had belonged to the German Empire prior to its occupation by Japan in 1914, would be returned to China. Japan prevailed.

When did Germany take Shandong?

It seized the Shandong concession in 1914, promising to return it to China after the war. In the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, the Allied Powers decided that Germany should first cede Shandong to Japan, which actually occupied Shandong, before Japan handed it over to China.

How did Japan get Shandong?

Furthermore, during the nineteenth century Japan had leased from China the Liaodong Province (as part of the Twenty-one Demands), but in 1895 China used Germany to force Japan out and Germany was subsequently rewarded with Shandong. Japan’s acquistion of Shandong was, in the eyes of Tokyo, just recompense.

Why did Germany invade China?

When World War I broke out in Europe, Germany offered to return Kiautschou Bay to China in an attempt to keep its colony from falling into Allied hands. However, the Japanese pre-empted that move and entered the war on the side of the Triple Entente, invading Kiautschou during the Siege of Tsingtao.

When did Germany occupy China?

Siege of Tsingtao
German forces during the siege, November 1914
Date 27 August – 7 November 1914 Location Tsingtao, Kiautschou Bay, China 36°4′N 120°23′ECoordinates: 36°4′N 120°23′E Result Anglo-Japanese victory Territorial changes Japanese occupation of Tsingtao
Belligerents
Japan United Kingdom	Germany Austria-Hungary

How did Germany colonize China?

Germany came in late to the practice of colonization but they had their eyes set on China as early as the 1860’s (Steinmetz 433). It wouldn’t be until January 15th, 1898 that Germany was able to coerce China into leasing them 553 square kilometers of land in Northeast China for 99 years.

How was China treated in the Treaty of Versailles?

“China was deeply angry at the Versailles Treaty and was the only country at the postwar peace conference to refuse to put a signature on it,” Xu said. A student-led protest in Beijing called the May Fourth Movement was organized in response to outrage over the peace talks.

Why did Japan get Shandong?

With the beginning of World War I, Japan sought revenge against Germany for the Triple Intervention. It seized the Shandong concession in 1914, promising to return it to China after the war.

What are Shandong people known for?

Shandong citizens are also known to have the tallest average height of any Chinese province….Philosophers

• Confucius – considered to be the greatest Chinese philosopher, founder of Confucianism and contributed greatly to Chinese culture.
• Mozi – founder of Mohism.

What happened to Kiautschou after WW1?

In late 1918, China reaffirmed the transfer and accepted payments from Japan. Article 156 of the Treaty of Versailles transferred the territory of Kiautschou as well as the rights, titles and privileges acquired by virtue of the Sino-German treaty of 1898 to the Empire of Japan rather than return them to the Chinese administration.

Did Japan violate China’s neutrality and sovereignty by attacking Qingdao?

However, China’s protestations were to no avail. Effectively, this meant a violation of Chinese neutrality and sovereignty by Japan despite its promises to the Chinese government to focus its efforts only on Qingdao and the German colony itself.

What did Emperor Wilhelm II say about Tsingtao in 1914?

Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1859-1941) allegedly told the German Governor and highest military commander, Vice Admiral Alfred Meyer-Waldeck (1864-1928), that “to lose Tsingtao to the Japanese would shame Germany more than to lose Berlin to the Russians.” The ultimatum expired at 12 pm on 23 August 1914, after which Japan declared war on Germany.

What was the result of the Shandong dispute?

The Shandong dispute was mediated by the United States in 1922 during the Washington Naval Conference. In a victory for China, the Japanese leasehold on Shandong was returned to China in the Nine-Power Treaty. Japan, however, maintained its economic dominance of the railway and the province as a whole.