What are the 3 tools of investigation?

Tools ​To establish facts and develop evidence, a criminal investigator must use these tools-information, interview, interrogation, and instrumentation. 3.

What are the phases of investigation?

Five Phase Investigation Process

• Phase I: Preparation and Planning.
• Phase II: Information Gathering and Problem Identification.
• Phase III: Verification and Analysis.
• Phase IV: Disbursement of Disciplinary and Corrective Action.
• Phase V: Prevention and Education.
• Summary.
• Confidentiality.
• Attorney/Client Privilege.

What are physical evidences?

Physical evidence refers to any item that comes from a nonliving origin, while biological evidence always originates from a living being. The most important kinds of physical evidence are fingerprints, tire marks, footprints, fibers , paint, and building materials . Biological evidence includes bloodstains and DNA .

How do you determine which evidence is most important to analyze from a crime scene?

To help identify the evidence that is most valuable, the crime scene personnel may conduct initial screening tests, called presumptive tests, at the scene.

What are the six cardinal points of criminal investigation?

In the performance of his duties, the investigator must seek to establish the six (6) cardinal points of investigation, namely: what specific offense has been committed; how the offense was committed; who committed it; where the offense was committed; when it was committed; and why it was committed.

What are 5 examples of physical evidence?

Physical Evidence

• firearms and fired ammunition,
• fingerprints,
• toolmarks, tire tracks, and footwear impressions,
• hairs, fibers, glass, paint, and other trace evidence.

What is an example of real evidence?

Examples of real evidence include fingerprints, blood samples, DNA, a knife, a gun, and other physical objects. Real evidence is usually admitted because it tends to prove or disprove an issue of fact in a trial. In order to be used at trial, real evidence must be relevant, material, and authentic.

What can physical evidence prove?

Physical evidence can determine the identity of people associated with a crime; for example, fingerprints, handwriting, or DNA might prove that a certain person was present at a crime scene.

How is forensic evidence analyzed?

Evidence at a crime scene may only be found in small, trace amounts so forensic scientists use a variety of techniques including microscopic analysis, mass spectrometry, chromatography and DNA analysis. Once samples have been collected from a crime scene, ESR technicians carries out forensic analysis.

Do police have a motive to stop you for traffic violations?

The U.S. Supreme Court has held that an officer’s motive for a traffic stop is irrelevant, as long as the officer has probable cause that you violated a traffic law. The court said that even if you are pulled over just for a traffic violation, officers can investigate and charge you with other crimes. (Whren v. U.S., 1996)

Can a police officer search your car during a traffic stop?

And cops also need probable cause to search you or your car during a traffic stop. Keep in mind a few key protections and how they apply if you’re stopped by police. You can wait to pull over right away if it’s not safe. Officers require reasonable suspicion to pull you over. You can call on your Fifth Amendment right to stay quiet.

What are your rights if you get pulled over by the police?

You can wait to pull over right away if it’s not safe. Officers require reasonable suspicion to pull you over. You can call on your Fifth Amendment right to stay quiet. You don’t have to take a roadside breathalyzer test. You have to stop at police checkpoints if you’re selected. You can record encounters with police.

Can a police officer ask you to step out of the car?

An officer might ask you to step out of the vehicle, maybe checking to see if you’re under the influence of alcohol or drugs or concealing a weapon. But in some states, the law allows you to refuse the request and remain in the driver’s seat instead. It’s typically a good idea to stay in your car unless requested to step outside.