What are the four main types of polymers?
Table of Contents
What are the four main types of polymers?
Key Points They can be classified into four main categories: thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, and synthetic fibers. They are commonly found in a variety of consumer products. Various main chains and side chains are used to make different synthetic organic polymers.
What are the two modes of polymer biodegradation?
Two classes of biodegradable polymers can be distinguished: synthetic or natural polymers. There are polymers produced from feedstocks derived either from petroleum resources (non renewable resources) or from biological resources (renewable resources).
What type of reaction is used to degrade polymers?
hydrolysis
Polymer abiotic degradation occurs by hydrolysis where the first step is the random hydrolytic cleavage of functional groups susceptible to be hydrolyzed without weight loss: for instance, ester and urethane groups.
What are the 3 types of polymers?
There are 3 principal classes of polymers – thermoplastics, thermosets, and elastomers. Differentiation between these classes is best defined by their behaviour under applied heat. Thermoplastic polymers can be either amorphous or crystalline. They behave in a relatively ductile manner but often have low strength.
What is polymer and types of polymer?
Commercial Uses of Polymers
| Polymer | Monomer | Uses of Polymer |
|---|---|---|
| Rubber | Isoprene (1, 2-methyl 1 – 1, 3-butadiene) | Making tyres, elastic materials |
| BUNA – S | (a) 1, 3-butadiene (b) Styrene | Synthetic rubber |
| BUNA – N | (a) 1, 3-butadiene (b) Vinyl Cyanide | Synthetic rubber |
| Teflon | Tetra Flouro Ethane | Non-stick cookware – plastics |
What is polymer hydrolysis?
Polymers are broken down into monomers in a process known as hydrolysis, which means “to split water,” a reaction in which a water molecule is used during the breakdown. During these reactions, the polymer is broken into two components.
What is mechanical degradation?
Mechanical degradation describes the breakdown of molecules in the high flow rate region close to a well as a result of high mechanical stresses on the macromolecules. This short-term effect is important only in the reservoir near the wellbore (and also in some of the polymer handling equipment, in chokes, and so on).
What are the 3 main types of polymers?
What are the four main ways to degrade material?
Degradation Mechanisms
- microstructural and compositional changes,
- time-dependent deformation and resultant damage accumulation,
- environmental attack and the accelerating effects of elevated temperature, and.
- synergistic effects among the above.
What is oxidative degradation of polymers?
Oxidative degradation is an autocatalytic process of attack on the hydrogen atoms, to form hydroperoxides. The stability of polymers is thus inversely proportional to the number of hydrogen atoms with the carbon atoms present in the polymer chain. The degradation is catalyzed by heavy metals such as copper.
What is polymers and its types?
What are the methods of polymers degradation?
Polymer degradation can be obtained by different processes, for example, by thermo-oxidative, photo-oxidative treatment, or by hydrolytic, ultrasonic, radiological, and plasma chemical exposition of materials.
What are the effects of polymers on the environment?
Polymer degradation processes can result in erosion, i.e., loss of mass of the materials, when degradation products diffuse and dissolve into the degradation environment.
What are the methods of degradation in the environment?
Degradation in the environment 1 Photo-oxidation. Photo-oxidation is the combined action of UV-light and oxygen and is the most significant factor in the weathering of plastics. 2 Hydrolysis. Polymers with an all-carbon backbone, such as polyolefins, are usually resistant to hydrolysis. 3 Ozonolysis of rubbers. 4 Biological degradation.
What is the difference between degradation process and finished product?
In a finished product such a change is to be prevented or delayed. On the other hand, however, the degradation process can be useful from the view points of understanding the structure of a polymer or recycling/reusing the polymer waste to prevent or reduce environmental pollution.