What enzyme is responsible for gout?
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What enzyme is responsible for gout?
The enzyme xanthine oxidase is required for the conversion of xanthine to urate. Humans lack the enzyme urate oxidase (uricase), which converts urate in other species to the highly soluble compound allantoin.
What is the biochemical basis of allopurinol treatment for gout?
Allopurinol is in a class of medications called xanthine oxidase inhibitors. It works by reducing the production of uric acid in the body. High levels of uric acid may cause gout attacks or kidney stones. Allopurinol is used to prevent gout attacks, not to treat them once they occur.
What is the pathophysiology of gout?
Pathophysiology of gout – UpToDate. Gout refers to disease that occurs in response to the presence of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in joints, bones, and soft tissues. It may result in an acute arthritis (a gout flare), chronic arthritis (chronic gouty arthritis), or tophi (tophaceous gout) [1,2].
What is primary gout?
Primary gout is related to underexcretion or overproduction of uric acid, often associated with a mix of dietary excesses or alcohol overuse and metabolic syndrome. Secondary gout is related to medications or conditions that cause hyperuricemia, such as the following : Myeloproliferative diseases or their treatment.
Why is allopurinol not given in acute gout?
Allopurinol should not be stopped during acute flares of gout. Stopping allopurinol during an acute flare means therapeutic effect is lost and the urate level will rise. In addition, there is a real risk of the allopurinol not being recommenced as well as precipitating another flare when it is recommenced.
What is the chemical composition of allopurinol?
C5H4N4O
Allopurinol/Formula
What are the four stages of gout?
Gout progresses through four clinical phases: asymptomatic hyperuricemia, acute gouty arthritis, intercritical gout (intervals between acute attacks) and chronic tophaceous gout.
What means gout?
Gout is a painful form of arthritis. Extra uric acid in your body creates sharp crystals in the joints, leading to swelling and extreme tenderness. Gout usually starts in the big toe but can affect other joints. Gout is a treatable condition, and the uric acid level can be decreased by medication and lifestyle changes.
What is the pathogenesis of gout?
An elevated serum urate level, together with local factors, can result in the deposition of urate crystals into the joints. Once crystals are deposited into a joint, they can be released into the joint space and initiate an inflammatory cascade causing acute gouty arthritis.
What are the most common causes of gout?
What causes gout?
- obesity, high blood pressure and/or diabetes.
- having a close relative with gout.
- kidney problems.
- eating foods that cause a build-up of uric acid, such as red meat, offal and seafood.
- drinking too much beer or spirits.
What is a substitute for allopurinol?
Febuxostat, like allopurinol, is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that can lower urate levels in patients with gout and thus prevent acute attacks. It has become the usual first alternative for allopurinol-intolerant patients with gout.
Is colchicine the same as allopurinol?
Colchicine is usually used first to combat the pain and swelling that gout causes, and then Allopurinol is used for gout for more long-term treatment. Colchicine should be given in small doses to prevent side effects.
What is gout and what causes it?
Gout is a type of arthritis that causes sudden joint inflammation, usually in a single joint. Severe gout can sometimes affect many joints at once. This is known as polyarticular gout. What causes gout? Gout is caused by too much uric acid in the bloodstream and accumulation of urate crystals in tissues of the body.
How do I know if I have gout?
sudden pain in your joint – especially at night
How do you test for gout?
These test help your doctor know if you have gout, or something else with similar symptoms: Joint fluid test. Fluid is taken from the painful joint with a needle. The fluid is studied under a microscope to see if the crystals are there. Blood test. A blood test can check the level of uric acid. A high level of uric acid doesn’t always mean gout.