What is National Gene fund?

The National Gene Fund constituted by Government of India under section 45 of the Plant varieties Act, 2001. Amongst other things, the fund is also utilized for supporting the conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources including in-situ and ex-situ collections.

What is benefit sharing under plant variety act?

Benefit-sharing: The Indian law has provisions for benefit-sharing when farmer varieties are used in breeding. A share of profits made from new varieties is required to be paid into the National Gene Fund. For this to happen, farmers’ landraces need to be registered.

What is meant by gene bank?

Gene banks are a type of biorepository that preserves genetic material. In an effort to conserve agricultural biodiversity, gene banks are used to store and conserve the plant genetic resources of major crop plants and their crop wild relatives.

Where is national gene bank in India?

New Delhi
It is headquartered in New Delhi and has 10 regional stations.

What rights have been granted to farmers and breeders under the Act?

The PPV&FR Act, 2001 was enacted to grant intellectual property rights to plant breeders, researchers and farmers who have developed any new or extant plant varieties. The rights granted under this Act are exclusive right to produce, sell, market, distribute, import and export the variety.

What is protected by plant breeders rights?

Plant breeders’ rights (PBR), also known as plant variety rights (PVR), are rights granted to the breeder of a new variety of plant that give the breeder exclusive control over the propagating material (including seed, cuttings, divisions, tissue culture) and harvested material (cut flowers, fruit, foliage) of a new …

What is the main role of gene bank?

A gene bank is a collection of seeds and other plant reproductive material, primarily of cultivated plants and their wild relatives. The mandate of a gene bank is to secure the conservation of these collected plant genetic resources and provide access to them.

Why is gene Banking important?

Gene banks or seed banks are places where seeds and cuttings are stored for preservation and conservation purposes. Gene banks play an important role in conservation as they help to keep a large and diverse variety of plants from going extinct.

When was the National Gene Bank established in India?

1996
The National Genebank, which was set up in 1996, has been upgraded with the latest technology and now has the capacity to conserve approximately one million germplasm. The germplasm will not just help farmers in the future, but will also be a great resource for scientific research.

What is PPV in agriculture?

The Protection of Plant Variety and Farmers Right Act, 2001 (PPVFR Act) is an Act of the Parliament of India that was enacted to provide for the establishment of an effective system for protection of plant varieties, the rights of farmers and plant breeders, and to encourage the development and cultivation of new …

What is PPV and FRA explain in detail objectives of PPV and FRA?

Objectives of the PPV & FR Act, 2001 To recognize and protect the rights of farmers in respect of their contributions made at any time in conserving, improving and making available plant genetic resources for the development of new plant varieties.

How can you protect breeder’s right?

In order to guarantee protection of a plant breeder’s right, a person must obtain a licence for a person intending to undertake— (a) the production or reproduction (multiplication) of the protected variety; (b) the conditioning for the purposes of propagation of the protected variety; (c) the sale or any other form of …

What is the purpose of the PPVFR Act?

The PPVFR act makes provisions to establish a National Gene Fund through which the conservation of varieties developed can be done, recognized and rewarded. This fund is made of the money as fees collected from plant breeders who are required to pay for benefit sharing.

What rights do farmers have under the PPV&FR?

Farmers are entitled to save, use, sow, re-sow, exchange, share or sell their farm produce, including seed of protected varieties, in the same manner as they were entitles to before the coming into force to the PPV&FR Act. However, farmers are not entitled to sell branded seed of a variety protected under this Act.

How does the gene fund work?

The gene fund receives resources from the implementation of the Act, which in turn are complemented by contribution from national and international organizations.

What is the purpose of the PGR fund?

The expenditures of the fund are earmarked to support the conservation and sustainable use of PGR, and in this way it can be considered to be a national equivalent to the global benefit-sharing fund operating within the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.